Search results for "molecular cytogenetics"
showing 10 items of 16 documents
Neotropical primate evolution and phylogenetic reconstruction using chromosomal data
2017
Platyrrhini are a group of Neotropical primates living in central and south America, and have been extensively studied through morphological and molecular data in order to shed light on their phylogeny and evolution. Agreement on the main clades of Neotropical primates has been reached using different approaches, but many phylogenetic nodes remain under discussion. Contrasting hypotheses have been proposed, presumably due to different markers and the presence of polymorphisms in the features considered; furthermore, neither Neotropical primate biodiversity nor their taxonomy are entirely known. In our perspective, a cytogenetic approach can help by making an important contribution to the ev…
Molecular cytogenetics of childhood hematological malignancies
1998
Cytogenetic and molecular analyses are essential for the classification of childhood hematologic malignancies. Nearly all children with leukemia should have an adequate cytogenetic analysis which in 80-90% is expected to show clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, with the availability of appropriate gene probes and sophisticated molecular techniques, genetic rearrangements become detectable in the majority of leukemia patients. Genetic abnormalities often associate with particular clinical-biological characteristics of the disease. In ALL, for example, genetic alterations together with distinct immunologic and clinical features, define various subgroups. In AML, unique cytogenetic rea…
The Evolution of Human Chromosome 7 Syntenies in Eutheria, with Special Attention to Primates
2004
Genetic and cytogenetic comparison in between man and non-human primates has largely contributed to the knowledge of the evolution of the Order Primates, and in particular of man. Recently, the "Chromosome painting" approach indicated a strong conservation of syntenies in Eutheria. At present, a more precise identification of breakpoints and evolutionary related rearrangements can be obtained by BAC and locus specific in situ hybridi- sation. In spite to this situation the evolutionary history of different human autosomes remains a dilemma; at the same time, high resolution banded chromosome analysis confirms to be a valuable tool for the preliminary detection of fine rearrangements. This r…
Chromosome painting of the pygmy tree shrew shows that no derived cytogenetic traits link primates and scandentia.
2012
We hybridized human chromosome paints on metaphases of the pygmy tree shrew (<i>Tupaia minor</i>, Scandentia). The lack of the ancestral mammalian 4/8 association in both Primates and Scandentia was long considered a cytogenetic landmark that phylogenetically linked these mammalian orders. However, our results show that the association 4/8 is present in <i>Tupaia </i>along with not previously reported associations for 1/18 and 7/10. Altogether there are 11 syntenic associations of human chromosome segments in the pygmy tree shrew karyotype: 1/18, 2/21, 3/21, 4/8, 7/10, 7/16, 11/20, 12/22 (twice), 14/15 and 16/19. Our data remove any cytogenetic evidence that Scandent…
Exploring Evolution in Ceboidea (Platyrrhini, Primates) by Williams-Beuren Probe (HSA 7q11.23) Chromosome Mapping
2007
The ancestral platyrrhine karyotype was characterised by a syntenic association of human 5 and a small segment of human 7 orthologues. This large syntenic association has undergone numerous rearrangements in various phylogenetic lines. We used a locus-specific molecular cytogenetic approach to study the chromosomal evolution of the human 7q11.23 orthologous sequences (William-Beuren syndrome, WS) in various Ceboidea (Platyrrhini) species. The fluorescent in situ hybridisation of the WS probe revealed a two-way pattern of chromosomal organisation that suggests various evolutionary scenarios. The first pattern (seen in Callimico and Saimiri ) includes a fairly simple disruption of the 7/5 syn…
Centromeric enrichment of LINE-1 retrotransposon in two species of South American monkeys Alouatta belzebul and Ateles nancymaae (Platyrrhini, Primat…
2022
LINE-1 sequences have been linked to genome evolution, plasticity and speciation; however, despite their importance, their chromosomal distribution is poorly known in primates. In this perspective, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to map LINE-1 probes onto two representative platyrrhine species, Aotus nancymaae (Cebidae) and Alouatta belzebul (Atelidae), both characterized with highly rearranged karyotypes, in order to investigate their chromosomal distribution and role and to better characterize the two genomes. We found centromeric enrichment of LINE-1 sequences on all biarmed and acrocentric chromosomes co-localized with heterochromatin C-positive bands. This distributio…
MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC APPROACH BY WOLF-HIRSCHHORN PROBE-MAPPING AND OTHERS BAC PROBES TO STUDY GENOME EVOLUTION IN PRIMATES
2009
Burkitt lymphoma with a granulomatous reaction: an M1/Th1‐polarised microenvironment is associated with controlled growth and spontaneous regression
2021
Aims Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that, in some instances, may show a granulomatous reaction associated with a favourable prognosis and occasional spontaneous regression. In the present study, we aimed to define the tumour microenvironment (TME) in four such cases, two of which regressed spontaneously. Methods and results All cases showed aggregates of tumour cells with the typical morphology, molecular cytogenetics and immunophenotype of BL surrounded by a florid epithelioid granulomatous reaction. All four cases were Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive with type I latency. Investigation of the TME showed similar features in all four cases. The analysis revealed a p…
Ribosomal DNA 18S-28S sequence Probe Mapping on Primate Genome: evolutionary insights
2017
Primate Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics
2006
This volume is a collection of contributions of a Florentine post congress symposium on "Primate Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics" held on occasion of the XX International Primatological Congress (Turin in 2004). Comparative Molecular Cytogenetics and Genomics are two rapidly expanding fields. Researchers from Italy, Germany, Spain, United States and Japan meet in Florence to discuss over a two day period recent advances and summarize the current state of the science.